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Russia

Very High Risk
Last updated: 6 Jan 2025

Executive Summary

Russia has implemented extensive internet censorship through the "Sovereign Internet" law and various content restrictions. The government has broad powers to block websites, restrict access to foreign platforms, and monitor online communications with severe impacts on digital rights.

Key Legislation

Sovereign Internet Law (Law No. 90-FZ)

Allows the government to disconnect Russia from the global internet and create a national internet infrastructure with extensive monitoring and control capabilities.

Status: Active Impact: Very High

Yarovaya Law (Law No. 374-FZ)

Requires telecommunications providers to store all communications data for 6 months and provide decryption keys to authorities upon request.

Status: Enforced Impact: High

Censorship Practices

Website Blocking

  • • Millions of websites blocked
  • • Social media platform restrictions
  • • News website closures
  • • VPN and circumvention tool blocking

Content Control

  • • "Extremist" content labeling
  • • Foreign platform compliance demands
  • • Local data storage requirements
  • • Real-time content filtering

Digital Rights Impact

Severe Restrictions

Internet Isolation

The Sovereign Internet law enables complete disconnection from the global internet, creating a heavily censored national network.

Surveillance State

Extensive monitoring of all online communications with mandatory data retention and decryption requirements.